Fast Multidimensional Entropy Estimation by k -d Partitioning

We describe a non-parametric estimator for the differential entropy of a multidimensional distribution, given a limited set of data points, by a recursive rectilinear partitioning. The estimator uses an adaptive partitioning method and runs in Θ ( N log N ) time, with low memory requirements. In experiments using known distributions, the estimator is several orders of magnitude faster than other estimators, with only modest increase in bias and variance.